Your Complete Sunscreen Guide for the SA Summer

South African summers mean longer days, outdoor lunches, swimming, sport, braais and plenty of sunshine. But with all that time outdoors comes increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Sunscreen isn't only something to use at the beach. Regular sun protection helps reduce sunburn and the long-term skin damage associated with UV exposure.

But walk down the skincare aisle and you'll see SPF 30, SPF 50, UVA, UVB, broad spectrum, water resistant, mineral and chemical sunscreens. What does it all mean?

Here's a practical guide to choosing and using sunscreen correctly.

What Does SPF Mean?

SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It primarily indicates the level of protection a sunscreen provides against UVB radiation, which is a major cause of sunburn.

As a general rule, choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher for everyday sun protection. For extended periods outdoors, particularly during the South African summer, SPF 50 or 50+ can provide additional protection when used correctly.

Remember: a higher SPF doesn't mean you can apply sunscreen once in the morning and forget about it for the rest of the day. Application and reapplication still matter.

UVA vs UVB: What's the Difference?

Sunlight contains different forms of ultraviolet radiation.

UVA

UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and contribute to premature skin ageing, including wrinkles, pigmentation, uneven skin tone and long-term skin damage. UVA can also pass through ordinary window glass to some extent.

UVB

UVB radiation is strongly associated with sunburn and also contributes to skin cancer risk.

Both matter. That's why you should look for sunscreen labelled Broad Spectrum — meaning the product is designed to provide protection against both UVA and UVB radiation.

How Much Sunscreen Should You Apply?

One of the most common sunscreen mistakes is simply not applying enough. Apply sunscreen generously and evenly to exposed skin.

Don't forget commonly missed areas such as:

• Ears
• Neck and back of the neck
• Tops of the feet
• Hands and shoulders
• Hairline
• Around the eyes, using a suitable product

For the face and neck, use enough product to achieve the protection stated on the label rather than applying only a very thin cosmetic layer. Follow the specific directions provided with your sunscreen.

When Should You Apply Sunscreen?

Apply sunscreen before going outdoors, according to the product instructions. Don't wait until your skin begins to feel hot or starts turning red. By the time you notice sunburn developing, UV damage has already occurred.

Make sunscreen part of your morning skincare routine, particularly when you expect significant outdoor exposure.

How Often Should You Reapply?

Sunscreen isn't an all-day shield. As a practical rule, reapply it at least every two hours while outdoors, and sooner after swimming, heavy sweating, towel drying, exercise, or activities that may rub the sunscreen off.

Always check the instructions on your specific product.

What Does "Water Resistant" Mean?

Water resistant does not mean waterproof. A water-resistant sunscreen is formulated to maintain protection for a specified period while swimming or sweating. Check the product label and reapply as directed, particularly after leaving the water or drying yourself with a towel.

SPF 30 or SPF 50?

Both can provide useful protection when applied correctly. For many people, SPF 30 is suitable for everyday use. SPF 50 or 50+ may be particularly useful for long periods outdoors, beach days, outdoor sport, people prone to sunburn, people with photosensitive skin, or those using medicines or skincare products that increase sun sensitivity.

If you're unsure which sunscreen is suitable for your skin or circumstances, ask your pharmacist or dermatologist.

What About Darker Skin?

This is especially important in South Africa. Darker skin still needs sun protection.

Higher levels of melanin provide some natural protection against UV radiation, but they do not make someone immune to sunburn, pigmentation problems, photoageing or skin cancer. Sun protection is important across all skin tones.

Modern sunscreen formulations also include products designed to absorb well without leaving the noticeable white or grey cast traditionally associated with some sunscreens.

Mineral vs Chemical Sunscreen

You'll often see sunscreens described as mineral or chemical/organic-filter formulations. The most important consideration is choosing a reputable broad-spectrum sunscreen with adequate SPF that you are comfortable using consistently.

Different formulations may suit different skin types. For example, someone with oily or acne-prone skin may prefer a lightweight, non-comedogenic formulation, while someone with dry skin may prefer a more moisturising sunscreen. People with sensitive skin may benefit from discussing suitable formulations with a pharmacist or dermatologist.

Don't Forget Your Lips

Your lips are exposed to the sun too. Consider using a lip balm containing SPF, particularly when spending extended periods outdoors. Reapply it regularly throughout the day.

Sunscreen Isn't Your Only Protection

Good sun safety shouldn't rely on sunscreen alone. Combine sunscreen with:

• Shade — seek shade when possible, particularly during periods of intense sunlight.
• Protective clothing — wear lightweight clothing that covers exposed skin where practical.
• Hat — a wide-brimmed hat can help protect your face, ears and neck.
• Sunglasses — choose sunglasses offering appropriate UV protection.
• Smart timing — when possible, reduce prolonged direct sun exposure during periods when UV radiation is particularly strong.

What About Children?

Children's skin requires particular care. Use age-appropriate sun protection and follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

Babies and very young children should be protected primarily through shade and suitable clothing, with sunscreen use guided by age-specific recommendations and professional advice. If you're unsure which sunscreen is appropriate for your child, speak to your pharmacist, paediatrician or another qualified healthcare professional.

Does Makeup With SPF Count?

Foundation, moisturiser and other skincare products containing SPF can contribute to protection, but people often apply much less of these products than would be required to achieve the SPF shown on the label.

For reliable daily protection, consider using a dedicated sunscreen as part of your skincare routine and then applying makeup over it.

Some Medicines Can Increase Sun Sensitivity

Certain medicines and skincare treatments can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. If you're taking prescription or over-the-counter medicines and aren't sure whether they affect sun sensitivity, ask your pharmacist.

Never stop prescribed medication simply because it may increase sun sensitivity without first speaking to the healthcare professional managing your treatment.

Your SA Summer Sunscreen Checklist

• Broad-spectrum protection
• SPF 30 or higher
• Apply generously
• Don't forget easily missed areas
• Reapply regularly
• Reapply after swimming or sweating
• Wear protective clothing
• Use sunglasses and a hat
• Seek shade when possible
• Protect your skin regardless of skin tone

Need Help Choosing a Sunscreen?

There isn't one perfect sunscreen for everyone. Your skin type, age, lifestyle, outdoor activity and existing skincare routine can all influence which product is right for you.

Visit Rosebank Pharmacy and speak to our pharmacy team about choosing sun protection suitable for you and your family. Whether you're looking for everyday facial SPF, children's sun protection, sensitive-skin options or something suitable for an active South African summer, we're here to help.